THE BHAGAVAD-GITA 

 

INTRODUCTION

 

Jai:       Grandma, I have a hard time understanding the teachings of the Bhagavad-Gita. Would you help me?

 

Grandma:        Of course, Jai, I will be glad to. You should know what this holy book teaches how to live happily in the world. It is an ancient holy book of Hinduism (also known as San|tana Dharma), but it can be understood and followed by people of any faith. The Gita has eighteen (18) chapters and a total of only 700 verses. Anyone can be helped by daily practice of only a few of its teachings.

            Here is the background situation in the Gita:

            In ancient times there was a king who had two sons, Dhritar|shtra and P|ndu. The former was born blind; therefore, P|ndu inherited the kingdom. P|ndu had five sons. They were called the P|ndavas. Dhritar|shtra had one hundred sons. They were called the Kauravas. Duryodhana was the eldest of the Kauravas.

            After the death of king P|ndu, his eldest son, Yudhisthira, became the lawful King. Duryodhana was very jealous. He also wanted the kingdom. The kingdom was divided into two halves between the P|ndavas and the Kauravas. Duryodhana was not satisfied with his share. He wanted the entire kingdom for himself. He tried several evil plots to kill the P|ndavas and take away their kingdom. Somehow he took over the entire kingdom of the P|ndavas and refused to give back without a war. All peace talks by Lord Krishn| and others failed, so the big war of Mah|bh|rata could not be avoided.

            The P|ndavas didn’t want to fight, but they had only two choices: fight for their right because it was their duty or run away from war and accept defeat for the sake of peace and nonviolence. Arjuna, one of the five P|ndava brothers, faced this choice in the battlefield.

He had to choose between fighting the war and killing his most revered guru, who was on the other side; his very dear friends, close relatives, and many innocent warriors; or running away from the battlefield to be peaceful and nonviolent. The entire eighteen chapters of the Gita are the talk between confused Arjuna and his best friend, mentor and cousin, Lord Krishna --- an incarnation of God --- on the battlefield of Kurukshetra near New Delhi, India, about 5,100 years ago. This conversation was reported to the blind king, Dhritar|shtra, by his charioteer, Sanjay. It is recorded in the great epic, Mah|bh|rata.

 All lives, human or nonhuman, are sacred, and nonviolence or Ahims| is one of the most basic principles of Hinduism. So when Lord Krishna advises Arjuna to get up and fight, this may confuse you about the principle of Ahims| if you don’t keep in mind the background of the war of Mah|bh|rata.

This spiritual talk between the Supreme Lord, Krishna, and His devotee-friend, Arjuna, occurs not in a temple, a lonely forest, or on a mountain top, but on a battlefield on the eve of a war.

 

Jai:       This is an interesting story, Grandma. Can you tell me more?

 

Grandma:          If you come to where I sit every evening, Jai, I will tell you the whole story, one chapter each day. Just make sure your homework is done and you have time to listen. If you agree, let’s start tomorrow.

 

Jai:       Thank you, Grandma. I’ll be there to hear more.

 

CHAPTER 1

ARJUNA’S CONFUSION

 

Jai:       I would like to know first how Lord Krishna and Arjuna happened to talk on the battlefield, Grandma.

 

Grandma:          It came about in this way, Jai. The war of Mah|bh|rata was about to begin after peace talks by Lord Krishna and others failed to avoid the war. When the soldiers were gathered on the battlefield, Arjuna asked Lord Krishna to drive his chariot between the two armies so that he could see those who were ready to fight. Seeing all his relatives, friends, and soldiers on the battlefield and fearing their destruction, he became compassionate.

 

Jai:       What does compassionate mean, Grandma?

 

Grandma:          Compassion does not mean pity, Jai. That would be looking down on others as poor, pitiful creatures. Arjuna was feeling their pain and their unlucky situation as his own. Arjuna was a great warrior, who had fought many wars and was well prepared for the war, but suddenly his compassion made him not want to fight. He spoke of the evils of war and sat down on the seat of his chariot, his mind full of sorrow. He saw no use in fighting. He did not know what to do.

 

Jai:       I don’t blame him. I wouldn’t want to fight either. Why do people fight, Grandma? Why are there wars?

 

Grandma:          Jai, there are not only wars between nations, but quarrels between two people, quarrels between brothers and sisters, between husband and wife, between friends and neighbors. The main reason is that people are not able to let go of their selfish motives and desires. Most wars are fought for possession and power. But all problems could be solved peacefully if people could see both sides of the problem and work out an agreement. War should be the last resort. Our holy books say: One should not commit violence towards anyone. Unjustified killing is punishable in all circumstances. Lord Krishna urged Arjuna to fight for his rights, but not to kill needlessly. It was his warrior's duty to establish peace and law and order on earth.

We humans also have wars inside of us. Our negative and positive forces are always fighting. The negative forces within us are represented by the Kauravas and the positive forces by the P|ndavas.

 

Chapter 1 summary: Arjuna asked his charioteer friend, Lord Krishna, to drive his chariot between the two armies so that he could see the P|ndava’s army. Arjuna felt great compassion to see his friends and relatives on the opposite side, whom he must kill to win the war. He became confused, spoke of the evils of war, and refused to fight.

 

CHAPTER 2

KNOWLEDGE OF GOD

 

Jai:       If Arjuna felt so kind-hearted for everyone he was supposed to kill in the war, how could he go out and fight, Grandma?

 

Grandma:          That is exactly what Arjuna asked Lord Krishna. He said: How shall I strike my grandfather, my guru, and all other relatives with arrows in battle? They are worthy of my respect.

            Arjuna had a good point. In Vedic culture, gurus, the elderly, honorable persons, and all other superiors are to be respected. But the scriptures also say that anyone who acts wrongly or unlawfully against you or others, or anyone who supports such deeds, should no longer be respected, but punished.

Arjuna was confused about his duty and asked guidance from Lord Krishna. Lord Krishna then instructed him on the true knowledge of Atm| and the physical body.

 

Jai:       What is Atm|, Grandma?

 

Grandma:          Atm| is the spirit, the soul, or the Self. Atm| is never born, never dies, and is everlasting. Our body takes birth and dies, but not Atm|. Atm| supports the body. Without Atm|, the body becomes dead. Atm| supplies the power for our body, mind, and senses, just as air burns and supports fire. Weapons cannot cut Atm|, fire cannot burn it, wind cannot dry it, and water cannot make it wet. Therefore, we should not grieve over death of the body because the Atm| inside the body never dies. (Gita 2.23-24)

 

Jai:       What is the difference between Atm| (spirit), soul, and body?

 

Grandma:          One and the same Atm| dwells inside all bodies. Our body changes with time. Our old-age body is different from our childhood body. But Atm| does not change. Atm| gets a childhood body, a youth body, and an old-age body during this life, then takes another body after death. (Gita 2.13) The Sanskrit word Atm| is translated as spirit in English. Spirit is universal and all pervading. The English word soul means the spirit residing in individual bodies. In Sanskrit, we call this individual soul Jeev|tm| or Jeeva.

The body is called a garment of Atm|. Just as we get rid of an old, worn out garment and put on a new one, similarly, Atm| disposes the old body and takes a new one after death. So death is like changing the garment of Atm|. (Gita 2.22) Although all beings are visible between birth and death, they can’t be seen before birth or after death and remain in their subtle form. (Gita 2.28) Therefore, we should not grieve over death of the body. We are not the body. We are Atm| with a body. Death just means our soul passes from one body to another new body.

 

Jai:       Then why did Arjuna grieve over deaths of loved ones on the battlefield? Why didn’t he want to fight?

 

Grandma:          Arjuna was a very tough warrior, Jai, but he wanted to run away from the horrors of war and lead an easy life of a Samny|si or a wandering holy man. Lord Krishna taught us to face the battle of life by giving Arjuna the beautiful science of KarmaYoga, the art of peaceful and prosperous living. Arjuna was worried about the results of the war. Lord Krishna asks us to do our duty without worrying about gain and loss, victory and defeat, success and failure. If you are constantly worried about the results of your studies, you will not be able to put your heart and soul into them for fear of failure.

Jai:       But Grandma, how could Arjuna fight his best if he wasn’t fighting to win and gain something?

 

Grandma:          Arjuna should go into the fight to win, but he should not weaken his will by worrying about the result while he is fighting. He should put all his attention and energy into every minute of the fight. That energy is what will bring the greatest result.

Lord Krishna tells us that we have full control over our action, but no control over the results of our action. (Gita 2.47) Harry Bhalla says: A farmer has control over how he works his land, yet no control over the harvest. But he cannot expect a harvest if he does not work his land with energy and the best tools he has.

We should do our best at the present moment and let the future take care of itself.

 

Jai:       Could you tell me more about the secret of success as told by Krishna to Arjuna?

Grandma:          One should be so completely absorbed in work or study itself as to become unaware of everything else, even of its results. To achieve the best results from what one does, one should be focused in the action with undivided attention.

            Action should be done sincerely without worrying about its results. The results of the action will be greater if one puts all attention and energy into the action itself and does not allow one’s energy to be diverted by thinking of results. The result will depend on energy put into action. One is asked not to worry about results during the course of action. This does not mean that one should not care about results. But one should not expect only positive results all the time.

The secret of living a meaningful life is to be very active, and do our best without thinking of our own selfish motives or even the results. A Self-realized person works for the good of all.

 

Jai:       What is a Self-realized person like, Grandma?

 

Grandma:   A Self-realized person is a perfect person, Jai. Lord Krishna tells us the mind of a perfect person is not shaken by suffering, does not run after pleasures, is free from fear, desire, greed and attachment, and has control over mind and senses. (Gita 2.56) A Self-realized person does not get angry, is peaceful and happy.

 

Jai:       How can we keep from getting angry, Grandma?

 

Grandma:          We get angry if our desire is not fulfilled. (Gita 2.62) So the best way to control anger is not to become a slave of our desires. We need to limit our desires. Desires begin in the mind, so we should control our mind. If we don’t, we drift like a ship without its rudder. The desire for pleasure takes us to the dark alley of sin, gets us in trouble, and prevents our progress. (Gita 2.67) As a student, you should set a higher goal for yourself than pleasure. Put forth your best effort and concentrate on your studies.

Arjuna was not only the greatest warrior of his time, but also a compassionate KarmaYogi. Lord Krishna chose Arjuna as His tool to give us the knowledge of the holy Gita.

Whatever work you do, do it with single-minded attention and put your whole heart into it. This is the main theme of KarmaYoga of the Gita and the secret of success in anything you do.

 

Chapter 2 summary: Lord Krishna taught us, through Arjuna, the difference between Atm| and body. We are Atm| with a body. Atm| is unborn and indestructible. One and the same Atm| dwells inside all bodies, human or nonhuman. Thus we are all connected with each other. We should do our duty to the best of our ability without worrying about success or failure. We must learn from our failures and go forward without letting our failures defeat us. To become a perfect person, we need to control or limit our desires.

 

CHAPTER 3

PATH OF DUTY

 

Jai:       Why do we have to control our desires, Grandma?

 

Grandma:          When you choose wrong behavior for sense enjoyment, you also choose its results. That is why work has to be done for the welfare of all and not just to satisfy one’s desires or for personal gain. A KarmaYogi finds the right way to serve and turns her or his work into worship. In KarmaYoga, no work is more important or less important.

 

Jai:       Uncle Hari left his family and home and went to an Ashram last year to find God. Do we have to leave home to seek God?

 

Grandma:          No, we do not. In the Gita, Lord Krishna has given us different paths to God-realization. The path you choose depends on your individual nature. In general, there are two types of people in the world: the inward (or studious, introvert) type and the outward or active type. For the introvert like Uncle Hari, the path of spiritual knowledge is best. Followers of this path go to a spiritual master or a guru where they study Vedic scriptures under proper guidance. In this path, we learn who we are and how we can lead a happy and peaceful life.

 

Jai:       Do we have to read all the scriptures to understand and find God?

 

Grandma:          There are many scriptures in our religion, such as the four Vedas, 108 Upanishads, 18 Puranas, R|m|yanas, Mah|bh|rata, various Sutras and many others. No one can read all of them. But Lord Krishna has given us everything one needs to know about God in the Gita. The Gita has the essence of all the Vedas and Upanishads.

 

Jai:       Uncle Puri is a farmer and has no interest in studying the Gita. He says the Gita is difficult and not for common people like him. So how can Uncle Puri realize God?

 

Grandma:          Uncle Puri should follow the path of KarmaYoga, which is the path of duty or selfless service. This path is better for most people who work hard to support a family and have no time or interest to read scriptures. Followers of this path do not have to leave work and go to an Ashram. They give up selfish motives and do all work for the greater good of society, instead of just for themselves.

 

Jai:       But people will work harder if they have selfish motives, won’t they, Grandma?

 

Grandma:          It is true that people may earn more if they work for selfish gain, but they will not find lasting peace and happiness. Only those who do their duty selflessly for the good of all people will find real peace and satisfaction.

 

Jai:       If people don’t work for personal gain, will they still do their best and not become lazy?

 

 Grandma:         A true KarmaYogi works hard even without personal gain. Only the ignorant work just for personal gain. The world runs smoothly because people do their duty. Parents work hard to support their family, and the children do their part. Nobody can remain inactive or idle all the time. Most people engage in some activity and do what they can. Brahm|, the creator, gave his first teaching to humanity when he said: Let all of you progress and prosper by helping each other and by doing your duty properly. (Gita 3.10-11)

 

Jai:       What happens if people work hard just for their own benefit?

 

Grandma:          They get sin, Jai. It is wrong to perform any action without considering its effect on others. Lord Krishna calls such a person a thief, useless, and sinful. (Gita 3.12-13) No one should live just for oneself. We should help and serve each other.

 

Jai:       What does a person gain who follows the teaching of lord Brahm| and works for the good of society?

 

Grandma:          Such a person attains peace and success in this life, reaches God, and does not take birth again on this earth.

 

Someone once said: What goes around comes around. This is the law of cause and effect or Karma. Help fulfill someone’s dream and your dream will be fulfilled too by the Lord!

 

Jai:       Please give me more examples of true KarmaYogis, Grandma.

 

Grandma:          You have read the story of R|m|yan. Lord R|ma’s father-in-law was Janaka, the King of Janakpur. He attained God by serving his people as his own children, selflessly and without attachment to the results of his action. He did his duty as worship to God. Work done without any selfish motive, as a matter of duty, becomes worship of God because it helps God run the world.

 

Mah|tm| Gandhi was a true KarmaYogi who worked selflessly all his life without any personal motive, just for the good of society. He set an example for other world leaders to follow. There are many other examples of selfless persons.

 

Jai:       Is that how our leaders should work?

 

Grandma:          Yes, a true KarmaYogi shows by personal example how to lead a selfless life and attain God by following the path of KarmaYoga. (Gita 3.21)

 

Jai:       If I want to become a KarmaYogi, what do I have to do?

 

Grandma:          KarmaYoga requires doing our duty in life the best we can, unselfishly, without attachment to the results of our work. A KarmaYogi remains calm in both success and failure and has no likes or dislikes for any person, place, object, or work. Work done as selfless service for the welfare of humanity produces no good or bad K|rmic bondage and leads one to God.

 

Jai:       It would be hard to work without wanting to gain something personally from it. How do we do this, Grandma?

 

Grandma:          Spiritually ignorant persons work just for themselves. The wise work for the welfare of all. The ignorant work to enjoy the result of their labor and become attached to it because they think they are the doer. They do not realize that all work is done by the power supplied to us by God. With the power to do our duty and the intellect to choose between right and wrong action, we become responsible for our actions. People act wrongly because they don’t use their intellect and don’t think of the results of their action on others.

The wise offer all their work to God with no selfish desire of their own. The ignorant work only to fulfill their personal desires. (Gita 3.25)

 

Jai:       Can a common person like me do what great people like King Janak and Mah|tm| Gandhi have done?

 

Grandma:          With a little effort, anybody can follow the path of KarmaYoga. Think of whatever work you are doing as your gift to society. If you are a student, your duty is to attend school, do your homework, respect your parents, teachers, other elders, and help your brothers, sisters, friends and other classmates. In student life, prepare yourself to be a good, productive citizen by getting a good education.

 

Jai:       What kind of work should I do when I graduate, Grandma?

 

Grandma:          Choose the work that you like and can do well. The work should be suited to your nature. (Gita 3.35, 18.47) If you choose work for which you don’t have a natural skill or attraction, your chances of success are limited. You know what you can do best. Trying to be someone you’re not is the greatest cause of failure and unhappiness.

 

Jai:       But shouldn’t I try to find good work, like an Engineer, a teacher or a government service?

 

Grandma:          There is no such thing as good or bad work. All types of workers are needed to keep society running. Some work pays more than others, but higher paying jobs are usually more difficult and stressful if you are not qualified for them. If you are qualified for a lower paying job, lead a simple life and avoid unnecessary items. A simple life means not desiring too many material things. Limit yourself to the basic needs of life. Keep your desires under control. Lord Buddha said: Selfish desire is the cause of all evils and misery.

 

Jai:       Is selfish desire the reason why people do bad things?

 

Grandma:          Yes Jai, our selfish desire for enjoyment is the cause of all evils. If we don’t control our desires, our desires will control us, and we will become the victims of our own desires. Control your wants because whatever you want, wants you also!

 

Jai:       Then are all desires bad?

 

Grandma:          No, all desires are not bad. The desire to serve others is a noble desire. The desire to enjoy most pleasures is bad because it leads to sinful and illegal activities. Always remember that desire never ends after you get what you wanted. It just leads to new desires and creates greed. And if you don’t get what you want, you feel angry. People do bad things when they are angry.

 

Jai:       How can we control our desire for pleasures?

 

Grandma:          One way is by the knowledge given in the Gita and by the power of thinking. Before you act from desire, always think first of the results of that action. Desires start in the mind and stay there. You can control your mind by intellect and reasoning.

When you are young, your mind becomes dirty just as the clear water of a pond becomes muddy during the rainy season. If your intellect doesn’t control your mind, your mind will run towards sense pleasures. This will keep you from achieving the higher goals of life. So set a high goal in life to keep your mind from getting dirty by sensual pleasures like smoking, alcohol, drugs, and other bad habits. Bad habits are very hard to get rid of, so avoid them to start with. Always keep a good company, read good books, avoid bad people, and think of the long term result of your actions.

 

Jai:       Since we know right from wrong, Grandma, why can’t we just avoid doing wrong?

 

Grandma:          If we don’t control our mind, it will try to weaken our will and take us for a ride to the wrong road of sensual pleasures. We have to watch our mind and keep it on track.

 

Chapter 3 Summary: Lord Krishna mentioned two major paths to peace and happiness in life. The path chosen depends on the individual. It is easy for most people to follow the path of KarmaYoga, the path of selfless service. To help each other is the first teaching of the creator. This keeps society going and progressing. All should do their duty to the best of their ability. Choose the career best suited to your nature. No job is small. It’s not what you do, but how you do it that is important. Finally, Lord Krishna tells us we must control our desire for pleasures. Uncontrolled desires for pleasure lead one to failure and suffering in life. We must think about the results of an action before taking it up. Avoid bad company at all costs.

 

CHAPTER 4

THE PATH OF RENUNCIATION

WITH KNOWLEDGE

 

Jai:       How did the Gita come from, Grandma?

 

Grandma:          The teachings of the Gita are very old. They were first given to the Sun God in the beginning of creation by Lord Krishna. Over time, this knowledge got lost. The Gita in its present form was spoken by Lord Krishna to Arjuna about 5100 years ago. Thus Gita was spoken by the Supreme Lord Himself.

 

Jai:       So is Lord Krishna the author of the Gita?

 

Grandma:          Yes, Lord Krishna is the author of the Gita. It was put together by sage Vay|sa who also edited the four Vedas. Sage Vay|sa had the power of recalling events of the past and future, but he could not do the work of both recalling the Gita spoken by Krishna in the battlefield as well as writing it down. He needed a helper to write the Gita. Lord Ganesha, the lord of wisdom, offered to do the work of writing.

            The Gita was first translated in Sanskrit and fully explained by great guru Adi Sankar|ch|rya in the year 800 A.D.

 

Jai:       Why is Lord Krishna so important?

 

Grandma:          Lord Krishna is considered the eighth incarnation of the Supreme God. The Supreme God comes to earth in different forms from time to time whenever the forces of evil try to disturb and destroy the world order. Lord comes to set everything right. He also sends prophets and teachers to help mankind. His birth and activities are divine and each incarnation (Avat|ra) has a purpose. The Shrimad Bh|gavatam (or the Bh|gavad Pur|n) gives details of all ten major Avat|rs of God. Lord Buddha, Moses, Jesus, Mohammad and saints and sages of other religions are also considered minor incarnations of God. At the end of the present time period, known as KaliYuga,  the Kalki incarnation will happen in the distant future of about 428,900 A.D.

 

Jai:       Will Lord Krishna give us whatever we want in prayer or worship?

 

Grandma:          Yes, Lord Krishna will give what you want (Gita 4.11), such as success in your study, if you worship Him with faith. People may worship and pray to God by using any name and form of God. The form of God is called deity. One can also worship God without the help of a deity.

 

Jai:       Will we still have to study if we want to do well in examinations?

 

Grandma:          Yes, one must do the work. Do your best and then pray. The good Lord will not work for you. You will have to do your work. Your work should be free from selfish desires so as not to earn any Karma.

 

Jai:       What is Karma, Grandma?

 

Grandma:          The Sanskrit word Karma means action. It also means the results of an action. The word ‘Karma’ is generally mispronounced as ‘Karma|.’ Every action produces a result called Karma, which can be good or bad. If we do our work only to enjoy the results ourselves, we become responsible for the results. If our action harms anyone, we get bad Karma, called sin, and we will have to suffer in hell for it. If we do good to others, we earn good Karma and get rewarded by a trip to heaven.

Our own Karma is responsible for our rebirth to enjoy or suffer the results of our deeds. Karma is like depositing money in the form of good and bad deeds in the bank. We do not take birth when all our Karma is used up. This freedom from the cycles of birth and death is called liberation, Nirv|na, Moksha or Mukti. In Mukti one becomes one with God.

 

Jai:       How can we avoid Karma when we live and work in society?

 

Grandma:          The best way not to earn any Karma is not to do anything just for yourself, but do it for the good of society. Always keep in mind that Mother Nature does everything; we are not the real doer of any action. If we strongly believe this and work just as a servant of God, we will not earn any new Karma, and all our past Karma will be wiped out by Self-knowledge. When all Karma is finished, we become liberated. This method of uniting with God is called the path of selfless action (or KarmaYoga).

 

Jai        How do we get rid of the Karma from our past lives?

 

Grandma:          A very good question! True knowledge of the Self (or God) acts like fire that burns away all Karma from our past lives. (Gita 4.37) Selfless service (KarmaYog) prepares one to receive Self-knowledge. A KarmaYogi automatically gets Self-knowledge in due course of time. (Gita 4.38) One who has true knowledge of the Self or God is called a Self-realized or a God-realized person.

 

Jai:       Are there other ways to get liberation, Grandma?

 

Grandma:          Yes, Jai, there are different methods or ways to reach God. These methods are called spiritual practices or S|dhan|. Any action that is beneficial to society is also called Yajna, Sev| or sacrifice. Different types of Yajna are: (1) giving money as charity for a good cause, (2) doing meditation, worship and yogic exercises, (3) reading the holy scriptures to gain knowledge of God, and (4) having control over the mind and other five senses.

            Lord is pleased by those who sincerely perform any one of these Yajna and gives them the knowledge to reach God.

 

Jai:       How about those who just worship a deity everyday? Can they also reach God?

 

Grandma:          Yes, those who worship the deity with full faith also get whatever they want. Most Hindus worship God in the form of a chosen deity to fulfill their desires. This path is known as path of worship and prayer. There is a story of a devoted KarmaYogi and an ideal student in the Mah|bh|rata who worshipped his guru and got what he wanted.

 

Jai:       Do we need a guru to reach God?

 

Grandma:          We definitely need a teacher to learn any subject, spiritual or material. But to find a real guru is not so easy. There are four types of gurus: the knower of a subject or a teacher (guru), a false guru, a SadGuru and a ParamaGuru. There are many false gurus who just pose as a guru. SadGuru is a God-realized master and is very hard to find. Lord Krishna is called the JagadGuru or ParamaGuru, the world-teacher.

When you graduate from a college and enter family life, you will need to find a guru or a spiritual guide. Meanwhile, follow your scripture and culture and never accept defeat in life.

 

Chapter 4 summary: Lord comes to earth from time to time in a life-form to set things right on the earth. The Lord fulfills the desires of those who worship Him. There are four types of spiritual practices or Yajna. Both selfless service and Self-knowledge free the soul from the bondage of Karma. The Lord gives Self-knowledge to those who do selfless service. Self-knowledge burns all our past Karma and frees us from the wheel or cycles of birth and death.

 

CHAPTER 5

THE PATH OF RENUNCIATION

 

Jai:       Which is better for most people, Grandma, the path of spiritual knowledge or the path of selfless service?

 

 Grandma:         A person who has the true knowledge of God believes that all work is done by the energy of Mother Nature and he or she is not the real doer of an action. Such a person is called a Samny|si or renunciant and has Self-knowledge. A KarmaYogi works without a selfish motive for the fruits of work. Selfless service or KarmaYog forms the basis of renunciation (Samny|sa).

            Self-knowledge leads to renunciation. KarmaYog prepares one to automatically receive the knowledge of God (Gita 4.38, 5.06), So both paths finally lead to God. Lord Krishna considers KarmaYog the better of the two paths because it is faster and easier for most people to follow. (Gita 5.02)

 

Jai:       Doesn’t the word renunciation usually mean leaving worldly possessions and living in an Ashram (monastery) or in a lonely place?

 

Grandma:          The word ‘Samny|sa’ in the strict sense means renouncing (or giving up) all personal motives, worldly possessions and objects. But it also means living in society and serving society by doing one’s duty without a personal motive. Such a person is called Karma-Samny|si.

            Some spiritual leaders, such as Adi Sankar|ch|rya, consider the path of renouncing all worldly possessions as the highest path and the goal of life. He himself became a Samny|si when he was a young boy.

            Lord Krishna says: An enlightened person or a Samny|si (or hermit, one who has given up all personal motive) sees the Lord in all. Such a person looks at a learned and humble Br|hman (priest), an illiterate person, the rich, the poor, an outcast, even a cow, an elephant, or a dog with an equal eye. (Gita 5.18)

I am going to tell you the story of a great spiritual leader, hero, guru, Samny|si and thinker. His name is Adi Sankar|ch|rya. A student of the Gita owes him great respect and obeisance.

 

Chapter 5 summary: Lord Krishna considers the path of Selfless service (Sev|) to humanity without attachment to its results as the best path for most people. Both paths, the path of Self-knowledge and the path of Sev|, lead to a happy life here on the earth and Nirv|na after death. Samny|sa does not mean leaving worldly possessions. It means not being attached to them. An enlightened person sees the Lord in all beings and treats everybody equally.

CHAPTER 6

PATH OF MEDITATION

 

Jai:       Grandma, you said there are several paths leading to God. You told me about the path of duty and the path of spiritual knowledge. Please tell me about other paths.

 

Grandma:          The third path is called the path of meditation.    

            One who is united with God is called a yogi. The mind of a yogi is peaceful, and completely united with God. A yogi has control over the mind and senses and desires. A yogi is free from anger and greed. A clod, a stone, and gold are the same to a yogi, who sees God in everything and everything in God. (Gita 6.08, 14.24) A yogi sees every being with an equal eye, whether friend, enemy, hater, relative, saint, or a sinner. (Gita 6.09) The mind of a yogi remains calm even during the worst time. (Gita 6.19)

 

Jai:       Is there a method of meditation simple enough for children, Grandma?

 

Grandma:          Yes, there is, Jai. The mind is your best friend as well as your worst enemy. The mind is a friend for those who have control over it and an enemy for those who do not control it. (Gita 6.05-06) So you should try to control this enemy. The mind is like wind, very restless and difficult to control, but you can subdue it by regular practice of meditation. (Gita 6.34) Guru Nanak said: Master the mind, and you master the world.

A Simple Method of Meditation:

The best time to meditate is in the morning before going to school. Sit in your meditation or Pooj| room. Hold your waist, spine, chest, neck, and head erect, motionless and steady. Close your eyes, take few slow, deep breaths. Remember your favorite deity and ask his or her blessing. Mentally chant OM for five minutes. If your mind starts to wander here and there, bring it back gently to concentrating on your favorite deity.

Jai:       What happens to a yogi who does not become successful in this life?

 

Grandma:          No spiritual practice performed by a yogi ever goes to waste. The unsuccessful yogi is reborn into a rich or spiritually advanced family. The unsuccessful yogi regains the knowledge gotten in the previous life and tries again to become perfect from where he or she left off. No spiritual effort is wasted.

 

Jai:       How can I become the best yogi, Grandma?

 

Grandma:          To be the best yogi, see all beings as yourself and feel their pain and pleasure as your own. Lovingly think of God with supreme faith, and always keep your mind with God. (Gita 6.47)

 

Chapter 6 summary: The third path to God is yoga of meditation. To be the best yogi, see every being as yourself, and feel the pain and pleasure of others as your own. A very simple method of meditation uses the sound vibration of OM. No spiritual practice is ever wasted.

CHAPTER 7

SELF-KNOWLEDGE AND ENLIGHTENMENT

 

Jai:       How was our whole universe formed, Grandma? Does it have a creator?

 

Grandma:          There is a creator behind any creation, Jai. Nothing can be created without somebody or some power behind it. Some power is needed not only to create but also to support and run it. We call that power God, the Absolute, the Supreme in English, and Krishna, Ishvara, Bhagav|n, Shiva in Sanskrit. Other religions call that power Allah, Father, Jehova and many other names. In a real sense, God is not the creator of the universe, but He Himself becomes everything in the universe. He manifests as Brahm|, whom we call the creator. Actually, Brahm| and all other deities (gods and goddesses) are just names of different powers of the one and only One God. Due to lack of true knowledge, people think Hindus worship many gods and goddesses. This is the highest philosophy that you may not understand it completely now. The entire universe is His expansion, and everything is nothing but Him. God is both the creator and the creation.

 

Jai:       How does one God become so many things in the universe?

 

Grandma:          According to the S|mkhya theory of creation, God’s energy (Atm| or spirit) becomes itself as Nature or matter, made up of the five basic elements. The entire creation is born and sustained by different combinations of these two energies: spirit and matter. (Gita 7.06) He is in the form of light in the Sun and the Moon; He is in the form of mind and strength in human beings. He digests our food and supports our life. We are all connected by the same spirit as jewels in a necklace are connected by the same thread. (Gita 7.07)

 

Jai:       If God is everywhere and in everything, why doesn’t everyone understand and love and worship Him?

 

Grandma:          That is a good question, Jai. Generally, people have a false idea of God because everyone is not given the power to understand Him. Just as some people can’t understand calculus or even elementary mathematics, so people who have no good Karma, can’t know, understand, love or worship God.

 

Jai:       Then who are the ones who understand God?

 

            There are four types of people who worship or seek to understand God: (1) those who are sick or in some kind of trouble or seek help in doing well in their studies or work, (2) those who are trying to get the knowledge of God, (3) those who want money, and (4) the wise ones who know God. (Gita 7.16) Lord Krishna considers all four types of people as devotees. The wise one is the best because a wise person worships God without wanting anything from Him. Even such wise ones completely know God only after many births. (Gita 7.19)

 

Jai:       If I worship Krishna, can I get good grades in an examination or get rid of sickness?

 

Grandma:          Yes, He fulfills the desires of all who believe in Him and who always worship and pray with firm faith.

God is both our Father and Mother. You should ask God what you want in a prayer. He fulfills the desires of His sincere devotees. (Gita 7.21)

 

Jai:       Then why doesn’t everybody worship Krishna? Why do we worship Lord Ganesha, Shri Hanum|n, Mother Sarasvati and many other deities?

 

Grandma:          Lord Krishna is the name of the Supreme God. Some sects of Hinduism call the Supreme God as Lord Shiva. People of other religions call Him Buddha, Jesus, Allah, Father, etc. Other deities (gods) are a part of His power. Just as all rain water goes to the ocean, so worship of any deity goes to Krishna, the Absolute. But a beginner should chose just one of the many deities and establish a personal relationship by doing Pooj|, or at least Namask|ra, everyday to the chosen deity. The personal deity then becomes your personal guide and protector. The personal deity is called IshtaDev or IshtaDevi, your personal god.

 

Jai:       You said that the entire universe is only another form of God, is God formless or can God take forms?

 

Grandma:          This big question not only confuses children, but puzzles adults also. This resulted in creating various sects or groups in Hinduism. One sect, called Arya Samaj, believes that God cannot have forms and is formless. Another group believes God has a form. A third group believes God is formless and takes forms. Still others believe God is both with form and without form.

I believe everything has a form. Nothing in the world is formless. God has a form, which is invisible to our physical eyes. He cannot be understood by the human mind or described by words. Supreme Being has a transcendental (or out of this world) form and a Supreme Personality. He has no origin but is the origin of everything. He has no beginning or end. The invisible God is the cause of the visible world. Invisible does not mean formless. Everything we see is another form of God. Here is a story about seeing the Supreme in all beings.

God dwells in all beings. God is even in the tiger; but you cannot hug the tiger on that account! Be close only with good people, and keep away from the evil-minded. Keep away from the unholy, the evil, and the impure.

 

Chapter 7 summary: There is only one God, who is called by many names. Devas, Devis, or deities in our religion are nothing but the names of different powers of One Absolute God. Deities are different names and forms of God’s powers to help us worship and pray. Four types of persons worship God. The entire creation is made up of five basic elements and spirit. God is both formless and with form. God can take any form. One cannot know the true nature of God unless one has spiritual knowledge.

CHAPTER 8

THE ETERNAL BRAHM

 

Jai:       I don’t have a big spiritual vocabulary, Grandma, so I don’t understand many words that I hear at the temple. Can you explain some of them in a simple way?

 

Grandma:          I will explain some of the Sanskrit words, so listen very carefully. You may not completely understand these terms at your age.

           

            The Spirit that is inside all living beings is called Brahm in Sanskrit. Brahm not only supports living beings but also supports the whole universe. This is the formless nature of God, the Absolute. Brahm is beginningless, endless (or everlasting) and changeless, therefore, it is also called Eternal Brahm. The word Brahm often gets confused with the word Brahm|, the creative force or creator of this universe. The word Brahm is also spelled as Brahma or Brahman. The word Brahman often gets mixed up with another term Br|hman, which refers to the upper caste or intellectual class of people in India. I will explain this term further later.

            ParaBrahm, Param|tm|,  Father, Mother is the Supreme Being, Who is the origin of everything, including Brahm (spirit or Atm|).

            The word ‘Karma’ has several meanings. Generally, it means to do. It also means the stored up fruits of one’s work over past lives.

            Daiv (or Deva, Devi, Devat|) is one of the many powers of Brahm. We worship these powers to get our desires fulfilled.

            Ishvara is the power of God that stays in the bodies of all living beings to guide and control us.

            Bhagav|n simply means powerful. This term is used for God. We call ShriKrishna also as Bhagav|n Krishna.

            Jeeva or Jiv|tm| means living beings that take birth, have a limited life span, and die or change form.

            Hindus believe in life after death. Lord Krishna said: Whatever object you remember as you leave the body at the time of death, that object one gets after death. At the end of life, you remember whatever thought existed during most of your lifetime. (Gita 8.06) Therefore, you should always remember God and do your duty. (Gita 8.07)

 

Jai:       How often should I remember and worship God to make sure that I remember God when I die?

 

Grandma:          We should form the habit of remembering God before taking our food, before going to bed, after getting up in the morning, and before starting any work or study.

 

Jai:       Are we always reborn as human beings?

 

Grandma:          Human beings can take any one of the 8.4 million life-forms on earth.

This is the theory of transmigration we believe in. Some western philosophers believe in reincarnation. The reincarnation theory is based on the assumption that a human soul takes birth only as humans, not as animals. The theory of transmigration seems more universal than the theory of reincarnation.

 

Jai:       If living beings go through cycles of birth and death, how about the Sun, Moon, Earth, and stars? Do they also take birth and get destroyed?

 

Grandma:          The entire visible creation has a life span. The visible world, such as stars and planets, have a life span of 8.64 billion years. During this period, the entire visible cosmos is created and destroyed. (Gita 8.17-19) But Brahm is everlasting and is never destroyed.

 

Jai:       If some people do not come back to this world after death, what happens to them? Do they go to heaven and live there forever?

 

Grandma:          Those who have done good work here on earth go to heaven, but they have to come back after enjoying the pleasures of heaven. (Gita 8.25, 9.21) Those who have been naughty and bad go to hell for punishment and also come back to earth. Those who have gained salvation (Nirv|na) do not take birth again. They become one with God and go to His Supreme Abode called Parama-Dh|ma). The Supreme abode is higher than heaven.

 

Jai:       How can we gain the Supreme Abode, the house of God?

 

Grandma:          Those who have the true knowledge of God are called God-realized and reach the house of God. They do not reincarnate. This is called the path of no return. (Gita 8.24) This path is blocked for the ignorant and persons without the necessary qualities, such as austerity, faith in God, and knowledge of God. Only those who have these qualities will walk this path of no return. Those who have not realized God, but have done good work, go to heaven by virtue of their good Karma and take birth on earth again until they perfect themselves and become Self-realized. (Gita 8.25)

           

Chapter 8 summary: Some of the common Sanskrit terms have been explained, which you will understand better as you grow older. Also explained was the theory of transmigration and the cycle of creation and destruction of the universe. A very simple method of God-realization is to always remember God and do your duty.

CHAPTER 9

SUPREME KNOWLEDGE AND

THE BIG MYSTERY

 

Jai:       If God comes sometimes on earth, is He the same as we are, or is He different from us?

 

Grandma:          This is a very good question, Jai. It has been answered both ways. For example, look at my chain and my ring and this gold coin. They are all made of gold, so you can see them as gold. And you can see everything else made of gold as gold. They are different forms of gold. But you can also think of them as separate things --- a chain, a ring, or a coin. The chain, the ring, and the coin are nothing but different shapes and forms of gold. In the same way, we can look at the Lord and all creation as nothing but an expansion of the Lord Himself, as all Lord Himself. This viewpoint is known as non-dualistic (not two, but One and the same) or Adi Sankara’s Advaita philosophy.

            The other viewpoint sees God as one reality and creation as a different reality but dependent on God. When gold and the objects made of gold such as a chain and a ring and a coin are considered different, this viewpoint or philosophy is called Dvaita or dualistic philosophy (Gita 9.04-06).

 

Jai:       Is that what people mean when they say God is everywhere and in everything?

 

Grandma:          Yes, Jai, God is the Sun, the Moon, and the wind; fire, trees, earth and stones, in the same way that everything made of gold is gold. That’s why Hindus see and worship God in the stone and the tree as if these are God Himself in that form.

 

Jai:       If everything comes from the Lord, then will everything become the Lord again, like everything made of gold can be melted into just gold again?

 

Grandma:          Yes, Jai, the cycle of creation and destruction keeps on going. It’s like turning my chain and ring and coin into gold again and then using the gold to make new jewelry and coins. (Gita 9.07-08) The entire creation appears and disappears again and again.

 

Jai:       If Lord is us, and we all come from the Lord, then why doesn’t everyone love and worship Lord?

 

Grandma:          Those who understand this truth do just that. They know the Lord is our Lord, and we are from Him, for Him, of Him, and depend on Him, so they love and worship Him. But the unwise do not understand or believe in God.

 

Jai:       If I pray to God everyday and love Him and offer Him flowers or fruit, will He be pleased and help me in my studies?

 

Grandma:          Lord Krishna said in the Gita that he takes care of all the needs of His devotees who worship Him with strong faith and loving devotion. (Gita 9.22)

 

Jai:       Does that mean that God loves only those who pray and worship Him?

 

Grandma:          God loves all of us the same, but if we remember Him and pray to Him, we come closer to God. So we all should think of God, worship Him, meditate, and bow down to Him with faith, love, and devotion.

 

Jai:       I would like to be close to the Lord Krishna, Grandma. How can I have more faith in Him and love Him more?

 

Grandma:          Just think of all the nice things God does for us. He gives us so many different foods we enjoy. He gave us the Sun for heat and light. Look at the beautiful sky with the Moon, the stars and clouds in the night. This is all His beautiful creation, so think how beautiful the creator Himself must be! Worshiping God is saying thank you for His kindness. Praying is asking for what we need from God. Meditating is connecting with the Supreme power to get help and guidance.

 

Jai:       If there is only one God who gives us everything, why do you have so many deities in your prayer (Pooj|) room, Grandma? Why don’t you just worship the one Lord Krishna?

Grandma:          Lord Krishna said: Those who worship other deities, also worship Me through those deities. (Gita 9.23)  We can worship any deity we feel close to. That favorite deity is called IshtaDev, our own personal god who becomes our personal guide and protector.

 

Jai:       Why do we offer fruits and flowers to God? He does not need them.

 

Grandma:          Lord Krishna said in the Gita that anyone who offers Him a leaf, a flower, a fruit, water, or anything with love and devotion, He not only accepts it, but eats the offerings! (Gita 9.26) That’s why we always offer our food to God with a prayer before we eat it. Food offered to God is called Pras|d or Pras|dam.

            Anybody can reach God who worships Him with faith, love and devotion. That’s the path of devotion. God does eat if you offer food with full faith, love, and devotion. We don’t know how to feed Him! It is said that we must have faith in God like a child or we shall not enter the supreme abode, the house of God.

 

Jai:       Grandma, what if a person is a sinful thief or robber. Can that person also love God?

 

Grandma:  Lord Krishna has said in the Gita: If even the most sinful person decides to worship Me with loving devotion, such a person must be regarded as a saint because he or she has made the right decision. (Gita 9.30)

            The Lord Krishna said in the Gita: I personally take care of both the spiritual and material needs of devotees who always remember and love Me. (9.22)

 

Chapter 9 summary: The dualistic philosophy sees God as one reality and creation as a different reality dependent on Him. Non-dual philosophy sees God and His creation as One. God loves all of us the same, but He takes personal interest in His devotees because such a person is closer to Him. It is like one gets more heat if one sits close to the fire. There is no unforgivable sin or sinner. The fire of sincere sorrow burns all sins.

 

CHAPTER 10

MANIFESTATION OF GOD

 

Jai:       If Lord Krishna said He will take care of us if we always remember and adore Him, then I want to know and love God. How do I do that, Grandma?

 

Grandma:          The love of God is called devotion (Bhakti). If you have devotion, God will give you Self-knowledge and understanding of Him. (Gita 10.10) The more you know and think about God’s glory, power and greatness, the stronger your love will grow.

 

Jai:       God is so great, and powerful, how can I really know Him?

 

Grandma:          Nobody can fully know God. He is the cause of cosmic energy and power, a cause that will always be a big mystery. God is unborn, without beginning or end. Only God can really know God! If anyone says, I know God, that person does not know. Anyone who knows the Truth says: I do not know God.

 

Jai:       Then what can we know about God, Grandma?

 

Grandma:          God knows everything, but nobody can know God. According to Sankara, the entire creation is nothing but another form of God. The creation has come out of God’s energy called M|y|. Everything comes from Him and eventually goes back to Him. God is One, but has become many. He is everywhere and in everything. (Gita 10.19-39) He is the Generator or creator, Operator or maintainer, and Destroyer of all beings. He creates everything, including the sun, moon, stars, wind, water, air, fire, and even our thoughts, feelings, intellect, and other qualities. We can see His glory and greatness throughout creation. The beautiful sky with earth and all the planets you see is only a small part of His glory. Seeing God everywhere purifies our mind and makes us a better person.

 

Those who argue about the nature of God have seen only one aspect of His Reality. That’s why sages say God is “neither this, nor that”.

 

Jai:       What about people who do not believe in God?

 

Grandma:          Such people are called atheists or disbeliever. They do not believe in the existence of a creator because they cannot think that such a cosmic person or power can exist. So they question and doubt the existence of God. Their doubts may someday be erased if they meet and sincerely inquire from a real spiritual master or guru. Atheists are those whose journey towards God has not yet begun. Doubts arise even in the minds of believers, so just have faith, believe in God, and do your duty.

 

Chapter 10 summary: Nobody can know God, the Supreme Being, because He or She is the origin of all beings, the cause of all causes. Everything, including our body, mind, thoughts, and feelings, comes from God. He is the creator, supporter, and destroyer of all. He is infinite and has no beginning or end. The entire universe is the expansion of a tiny fraction of His energy. All deities are just the names of His various powers. Worshiping God, using any name and form, with faith gives us what we want and helps us become good and peaceful.

 

CHAPTER 11

THE VISION OF GOD

 

Jai:       Is it possible for people to see God, Grandma?

 

Grandma:          Yes, Jai. But not with one’s physical eyes. God does not have hands and legs like we have in our world. But when God is pleased by our selfless service (Sev|) and devotion, He may come in a vision in dream. He can come in any form, or in the form of one’s personal god (IshtaDeva).

 

Jai:       Is there any other way to see God?

 

Grandma:          The best way to see God is to feel His presence in everything because, everything is part of God. Yogis see the whole world as God’s expansion. Everything is just another form of God. Knowing this, we can see God all around us. The entire universe is God, and we are His children and tools. (Gita 11.33) God uses us to do His work. He is within all of us.

What we seek is very near and all around us. Everything is God in different forms. Everything in creation is within His gigantic form!

Another way to see God is to develop good habits. The Lord Krishna said in the Gita that if we have no selfish desires, hatred, or violence, we can also reach and see God.

 

Jai:       Has anybody seen Krishna as God?

 

Grandma:          Yes, many saints and sages have seen Lord Krishna in various forms. Mother Yashod| saw Krishna’s cosmic form. Arjuna also wanted to see Krishna as God. Because Arjuna was a great soul and a very dear friend of Krishna, Lord showed him His cosmic form. What Arjuna saw is described in great detail in Chapter 11 of the Gita.

Here is a brief description of the cosmic form of Krishna that Arjuna saw. He saw the whole world with all gods sages, Lord Shiva, as well as Lord Brahm|, seated on the lotus in the body of baby Krishna. Lord had many arms, mouths, stomachs, faces, and eyes. His body had no beginning or end. Bright light was shining all around Him. Arjuna also saw all his cousins, along with many other kings and warriors, quickly entering into Lord’s fearful mouths for destruction. This cosmic form of Krishna was very frightful to see, so Arjuna wished to see Krishna in the four-armed Vishnu form with a crown, holding a conch, discus, club and lotus in His hands. Krishna then showed His four-armed Vishnu form to Arjuna.

Afterwards, Krishna took His beautiful human form and comforted Arjuna, who was afraid. Then Arjuna became peaceful and normal again. Lord Krishna said that He can be seen in this four-armed form only through devotion. (Gita 11.54)

 

Chapter 11 summary: We cannot see God with our human eyes. We can see Him only in a vision or trance (Sam|dhi). We can also see Him all around us. The entire creation is nothing but the body of the creator, and we are part of the cosmic form of God.

 

CHAPTER 12

PATH OF DEVOTION

 

Jai:       Should we worship or meditate every day, Grandma, or just on Sundays?

 

Grandma:          Children should do some form of worship, prayer or meditation everyday. Good habits must be formed early.

 

Jai:       You said that God is formless but also has forms. Should I worship God as R|ma, Krishna, Shiva, Durg| or should I worship a formless God?

 

Grandma:          Arjuna asked Lord Krishna the same question in the Gita. (Gita 12.01) Krishna told Arjuna that worship of God with a form with faith is easier and better for most people, especially for beginners. But a true devotee has faith in everything: the formless God, and God with a form, such as R|ma, Krishna, Hanum|n, Shiva, and the Divine Mother K|li, Durg|.

 

Jai:       How should I worship, Grandma?

 

Go to the worship or meditation room before going to school and pray. Sit straight, close your eyes, take few slow and deep breaths, remember your IshtaDeva and ask his or her blessing. Focusing your mind on your IshtaDeva with eyes closed is called meditation. You may also silently repeat a mantra such as ‘OM’ or ‘R|m, R|m, R|m, R|m, R|m’ a

few times.

 

Jai:       When I start to meditate, I can’t concentrate my mind, Grandma. My mind starts to go everywhere. What should I do?

 

Grandma:          Don’t worry, this even happens to adults. Try to concentrate or focus again and again. With practice, you will be able to focus your mind well, not only on God but also on your study materials. This will help you get good grades. You can also pray to God and worship (Pooj|) by offering fruits, flowers, etc. to your IshtaDev with love. Also, remember the Lord of learning, such as Lord Ganesha, Hanum|n, or Mother Sarasvati before starting your studies. Don’t be selfish and work hard. Accept the results of your work without getting upset by bad results. Try to learn from your failures, never give up and improve yourself.

 

Jai:       Is that all I have to do, Grandma? Did Khrisna say anything else?

 

Grandma:          You should also develop good habits such as obeying your parents, helping others in need, not hurting anybody, being friendly to all, saying sorry or asking forgiveness if you hurt anyone, keeping your mind calm, being grateful to those who have helped you, and saying thank you. God loves and helps those who act in this way. Such people are called devotees or Bhakta. (Gita 12.13-19) If you don’t have any one of these good habits, try to develop them. (Gita 12.20)

 

Chapter 12 summary: The path of devotional love of God is very easy to practice. This path consists of daily deity worship, offering fruits and flowers, singing hymns (Bhajans) in praise of the glory of God, and developing certain good habits.

 

CHAPTER 13

CREATION AND THE CREATOR

 

Jai:       Grandma, I can eat and sleep and think and talk and walk and run and work and study. How does my body know how to do all this?    

 

Grandma:          The whole world, including our body, is made of five basic elements or matter. These elements are: earth, water, fire, air, and ether or an invisible element. We have eleven senses: five sense organs (nose, tongue, eye, skin, and ear); five organs of action (mouth, hand, leg, anus, and urethra); and a mind. We smell through our nose, taste through our tongue, see through the eyes, feel touch through skin, and hear through our ears. We also have a sense of feeling by which we feel pain and pleasure. All these give our body what it needs to work. (Gita 13.05-06) The spirit or Atm| inside our bodies is called Pr|na. It supplies power to body to do all work. When Pr|na leaves the body, we are dead.

 

Jai:       You said God is the creator of the universe. How do we know there is a creator or God?

 

Grandma:          There has to be a creator behind any creation, Jai. Somebody or some power made the car we drive and the house we live in. Somebody or some power created the sun, the earth, the moon and the stars. We call that person or power God or the creator of this universe.

 

Jai:       If everything has a creator, then who created God?

 

Grandma:          This is a very good question, Jai, but there is no answer. God has always existed and will always exist. God is the origin of everything but God has no origin. Good Lord is the source of everything, but He or She has no source!

 

Jai:       Then, what is God like, Grandma? Can you describe Him?

 

Grandma:       It is impossible to describe God directly. The Supreme Being can only be described by parables, and in no other way. His hands, feet, eyes, head, mouth, and ears are everywhere. He can see, feel, and enjoy without any physical sense organs. He does not have a body like us. His body and senses are out of this world. He walks without legs, hears without ears, does all works without hands, smells without a nose, sees without eyes, speaks without a mouth, and enjoys all tastes without a tongue. His actions are wonderful. His greatness is beyond description. God is present everywhere at all times, so he is very near (living in our heart) as well as far away in His Supreme Abode. He is the creator (Brahm|), the sustainer (Vishnu) and the destroyer (Shankara) all in one. (Gita 13.13-16)

We can’t describe Brahm. In a trance we can know Brahm, but in trance reasoning and intellect stop altogether. This means one does not retain the memory of experiences in trance (Sam|dhi). One who knows Brahm becomes Brahm-like (Gita 18.55) and does not talk. Those who talk about God have no real experience. Thus, Brahm can only be experienced and felt.  

 

Jai:       Then how can we know and understand God?

 

Grandma:          You can’t know God by mind and intellect. He can be known only by faith and belief. He can be known by Self-knowledge. One and the same God lives in the body of all beings as spirit and supports us. That is why we must not hurt anybody and must treat everybody equally. (Gita 13.28) Hurting anybody is like hurting your own Atm|. The Spirit in the body is the witness, the guide, the supporter, the enjoyer, and the controller of all events. (Gita 13.22)

 

Jai:       What is the difference between the creator and His creation?

 

Grandma:      From a non-dualistic point of view, there is no difference between the two. The difference between the creator and creation is like the difference between the sun and the sun’s rays. Those who have Self-knowledge truly understand the difference between the creator and the creation and get salvation. (Gita 13.34)

If God’s blessing comes to you, He will let you know who you really are and what your real nature is like.

We have been thinking that we are this body which is limited in time and space. We are not this body. We are the all-powerful spirit in the body.

 

Chapter 13 summary: Our body is like a miniature universe. All bodies are made up of five basic elements and powered by the spirit. Any creation must have a creator or some creative power behind it. We call that power by various names such as Krishna, Shiva, Mother, Father, Ishvara, Allah, God, Jehova, etc. God cannot be known, seen, described or understood by a human mind. The creator Himself has become the creation like the cotton has become the thread, the cloth and the dress.

CHAPTER 14

THREE MODES OF NATURE

 

Jai:       Grandma, sometimes I feel lazy, and at other times I am very active? Why is that?

 

Grandma:          We all pass through different states in order to do certain things. These states or modes (Gunas) are three types: the mode of goodness (Sattvika mode), the mode of passion (R|jasika mode) and the mode of ignorance (T|masika mode). We come under the influence of all three modes. Sometimes one mode becomes more powerful than the other two.

The mode of goodness keeps you peaceful and happy. In this mode you will study scriptures, will not harm anybody and will work honestly. If you are in the mode of passion, you are greedy for wealth and power. You will work hard to enjoy material pleasures and will do anything to satisfy your selfish desires. If you are in the mode of ignorance, you can’t tell between right and wrong action, and are attached to sinful and forbidden activities. You become lazy, and careless, lack intelligence, and have no interest in spiritual knowledge. (Gita 14.05-09)

 

Jai:       Do these three modes of nature control us, Grandma, or do we have control over what we do?

 

Grandma:          Actually, these three modes or Gunas are the doers of all actions. (Gita 3.27) When we are under the influence of the mode of goodness, we do good and rightful actions; under the influence of the mode of passion, we do selfish actions; and under the influence of the mode of ignorance, we do bad things or become lazy. (Gita 14.11-13) We must rise above the three Gunas to attain liberation (Niv|na). (Gita 14.20)

 

Jai:       What are we like when we have risen above the three Gunas?

 

Grandma:          When we have risen above the three Gunas, we do not get too much bothered by pain and pleasure, success and failure, and we treat everybody like ourselves. Such a person depends on nobody but God.

 

Jai:       It must be very hard to rise above these three modes. How can I rise above the three Gunas, Grandma?

 

Grandma:          To rise above the three Gunas is not very easy, but it can be done with a little effort. If you are under the mode of ignorance, you must stop being lazy and stop putting off what you should be doing and try to be a good boy. If you are under the mode of passion, you must give up selfish desires. When you are in the mode of goodness, you remember God and do your duty as a service to God. After reaching the mode of goodness, you can rise above the three Gunas by devotion to God. Lord Krishna said: One who serves Me with love and devotion rises above the three Gunas and becomes fit for Nirv|na. (Gita 14.26)

 

Chapter 14 summary: Everything in nature can be broadly classified into three types called Gunas. Mother Nature puts us into these three modes or gears to get her work done through us. Actually, all work is done by the three Gunas of nature. We are not the doers, but we are responsible for our actions because we have been given intellect and free will to decide and choose between right and wrong. You can rise above these three Gunas by devotion to God.

CHAPTER 15

THE SUPREME PERSON

 

Jai:       Grandma, I am confused by the difference between Supreme Spirit, Spirit, divine beings and individual souls. Will you please explain them?

 

Grandma:          Yes, Jai, these are terms you should understand well.

             

The Supreme Spirit is also called the Supreme Person, the Supreme Being, the Supersoul, the Absolute, Father, Mother, God, Ishvara, Allah and many other names. The Supreme Spirit is called ParaBrahm, Param|tm|, ParamaShiva or Krishna in Sanskrit. The Supreme Spirit is the source or the root of everything. There is nothing higher than the Supreme Spirit.

Spirit (Brahm or Atm|) is a part of the Supreme Spirit that expands and supports the entire cosmos.

Divine Beings (Devas, Devis), such as Vishnu, Brahm|, Shankara and many others are the expansions of Brahm (Spirit).

Individual Souls (soul or Jeeva) such as all living beings are the expansions of divine beings.

The Supreme Spirit and Spirit do not change and are eternal. Divine beings come out of spirit and have a very long life span. Individual souls or the living beings have a very limited life span.

If you compare the creation with a tree, then Supreme Lord Krishna (Supreme Spirit) is the root of the tree. Atm| or Brahm (also spelled as Brahman, Brahma) is the trunk of the tree. The cosmos are the branches of the tree and scriptures such as the Vedas, Upanishads, and Gita, Dhammap|da, Torah, Bible, Koran etc. are its leaves. Individual souls such as living beings are the fruits and flowers of the tree. Do you see how everything is connected and part of the Supreme Being?

 

Jai:       How about planets, such as the Sun, and the Moon and the stars?

 

Grandma:          The entire visible world, such as the Sun, Moon, Earth, planets, galaxies was created by Lord Brahm| and is supported by Lord Vishnu and is destroyed by Lord Shankara or Shiva. Remember that Brahm|, Vishnu and Shankara are a part of the energy of the spirit or Brahm. The light energy of the sun also comes from Brahm, and Brahm is a part of the Supreme Being, Lord Krishna. The sages tell us that everything is nothing but another form of Lord Krishna, the Supreme Being. Krishna is inside and outside everything. He has actually become everything. The One has become all. He comes to the earth in human form to establish law and order (Dharma) when needed.

 

Chapter 15 summary: Brahm cannot be destroyed and is the cause of all causes. Krishna is called ParaBrahm or the Supreme Being. He is also called the Absolute because He has no origin. He is the source of Brahm. Everything in the universe comes out of Brahm. The entire visible world and its creatures are created by the creative power (Brahm|), sustained by Vishnu, and destroyed by Shankara. The word “Br|hman” is used for the one who knows Brahm. The creation is changeable and does not last forever. It has a life span.

 

CHAPTER 16

DIVINE AND DEMONIC QUALITIES

 

Jai:       How many types of people are there, Grandma?

 

Grandma:          Basically, there are only two types or castes of people in this world, the good and the bad. (Gita 16.06) Most people have both good and bad qualities. If you have more good qualities, you are called a good person, and if you have more bad qualities, you are called a bad person.

 

Jai:       If I want to be a good person, what qualities must I have?

 

Grandma:          You must be honest, nonviolent, truthful, without anger, calm, without malicious talk, kind, not greedy, gentle, forgiving, and humble. These are also called divine qualities because they lead us to God.

 

Jai:       What bad habits should I avoid?

 

Grandma:          Hypocrisy, arrogance, pride, jealousy, selfishness, anger, greed, harshness, ungratefulness and violence --- these are called demonic qualities because they lead us away from God. Bad qualities also lead us to do bad things and get us into trouble. Do not be friends with people who have bad qualities because they do not know what to do and what not to do. Always be grateful to those who have helped you. Ingratitude is a great sin for which there is no atonement.

            Desire, anger and greed are very destructive. Lord Krishna calls these the three gates to hell. (Gita 16.21)

Greed can be overcome by contentment. A contented person is a happy person. A greedy person cannot find true peace and happiness in life.

 

Jai:       How can I know what to do and what not to do?

 

Grandma:          Follow your scriptures or holy books, Jai. Saints and sages in the scriptures tell us what to do and what not to do. Have faith in God and listen to your parents and elders.

We should cultivate as many good qualities as possible. But no one has only virtues and no bad habits. Good Lord usually puts virtue and vice in the same package.

 

Chapter 16 summary: Basically, there are only two kinds of human beings: the good or divine and the bad or demonic. Most people fall between these two boundaries. Getting rid of bad habits and cultivating good qualities are necessary for spiritual progress.

 

CHAPTER 17

THREEFOLD FAITH

 

Jai:       Grandma, how do I know what foods to eat?

Grandma:          There are three types of foods, Jai. (Gita 17.07-10) The foods that promote long life, virtue, strength, health, happiness, and joy are juicy, smooth, substantial, and nutritious. Such foods are the best. They are called Sattvika or health food.

            Foods that are very bitter, sour, salty, hot, oily, and acidic are called Rajasika or undesirable foods. Such junk foods are unhealthy, cause diseases and should be avoided.

            Foods that are not well cooked, spoiled, tasteless, rotten, burned, left-over, and impure (such as meat and alcohol) are called Tamasika foods. One should not eat such foods.

 

Jai:       How should I speak to others?

 

Grandma:          You should never tell a lie. Your words should not be harsh, nasty, or insulting. They should be pleasant, useful, and truthful. (Gita 17.15) A wise person should speak the truth if it is useful and keep quiet if it is harsh. One who speaks politely wins the heart of all and is liked by everybody. To help those in need is the universal teaching.   

 

Jai:       How should I help others?

 

Grandma:      It is our duty to help those who are unlucky and can’t help themselves. Give to anyone who needs help, but never expect anything in return. Charity is not only the best, but also the only use of wealth. We all should support a good cause. Give back what belongs to the world. But there are responsibilities. Money given in charity should be earned by lawful means. And we must make sure that the receiver is not a person likely to use the gift for evil purposes. (Gita 17.20-22)

 

Jai:       Will God give us what we want if we sincerely pray for it?         

 

Grandma:          Full faith in God makes things happen. There is nothing impossible for faith. Faith works wonders. One must have faith before starting any work. It is said in the Gita that we can become whatever we want to be if we always think about it with faith. (Gita 17.03) Always think about what you want to be, and your dream can come true.

The secret of success is to keep thinking about what you want all the time and never give up until you get what you want. Do not let negative thoughts, such as procrastination (delaying to start work), laziness, and carelessness stand in your way.

Before starting or ending any work or study, repeat OM TAT SAT, the threefold names of Brahm.

 

Jai:       What does OM TAT SAT mean, Grandma?

 

Grandma:          It means Almighty God is the only Reality. OM is used before starting any work or study. OM TAT SAT or OM Shantih, Shantih, Shantih, is also used at the completion of any act.

 

Chapter 17 summary: There are three types of food --- S|ttavik, R|jasik and T|masik --- and they affect our wellbeing. Tell the truth in a pleasant way. Give charity to a deserving candidate and give it wisely to avoid its misuse. You can become whatever you want to be if you work hard towards your goal.

 

CHAPTER 18

LIBERATION THROUGH RENUNCIATION

 

Jai:       What is the difference between renunciation (Samny|sa) and KarmaYog?

 

Grandma:          You might think that renunciation or Samny|sa means walking away from family, home, possessions, and going to live in a cave or the forest or any other place outside society. But Lord Krishna defined Samny|sa as abandoning the selfish motive behind an action. (Gita 6.01, 18.02) A KarmaYogi also gives up the selfish motive of enjoying the fruits of action. So a true KarmaYogi is also a Samny|si.

 

Jai:       Does that mean I can’t do anything that gives me pleasure?

 

Grandma:          That depends on what kind of pleasure you have in mind. Such activities as smoking, drinking, gambling, and taking drugs appear enjoyable in the beginning, but definitely produce harmful results in the end. Poison may taste delicious when you drink it, but you know its deadly results when it is too late. On the other hand, activities, such as meditation, worship, and helping the needy seem burdensome in the beginning, but produce very useful results in the end. (Gita 5.22, 18.38) A good rule to follow is to avoid any activity that seems pleasant in the beginning because it usually produces unpleasant side-effects in the end.

 

Jai:       What kinds of activities in society are available, Grandma?

 

Grandma:          In the ancient Vedic system, activities of human beings were divided into four orders of human labor described by Lord Krishna. (Gita 4.13, 18.41-44) These four categories --- Br|hman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra --- were based on the mental, intellectual, and physical abilities of persons. The worth of the individual --- not the birth or social level one was born into --- was the deciding factor. But these four orders are often mistaken for the caste system of modern times in India and elsewhere. The caste system is based on birth only.

Those who were interested in learning, teaching, preaching, and guiding people in spiritual matters were called Br|hmans or intellectuals. Those who could defend the country, establish law and order, prevent crime, and administer justice were called Kshatriya, the warriors. Those who were good at cultivation, cattle rearing, business, trade, finance, commerce and industry were known as Vaishyas or businessmen. Those who were very good in service and labor type work were classed as Shudras or workers.

People are born with certain qualities or could develop them through training and effort. Birth into a family at a certain social level, whether high or low, does not determine one’s worth.

 

Jai:       How can a person living and working in society attain liberation?

 

Grandma:          Work becomes worship when done as a service to the Lord and without selfish attachment to the results. If you do work honestly for which you are qualified, you incur no K|rmic reaction and attain Nirv|na.

If you take on work that was not meant for you, such work is stressful and will fail. It is important to find work that best suits your own nature. So you should know yourself truthfully to determine the occupation that suits you. (Gita 18.47) Then your work will not produce stress and will encourage creativity.

There is no perfect occupation. Every occupation has some faults. (Gita 18.48) You should not be concerned about such faults in your duty in life. You can attain salvation by doing your duty with devotion to God and keeping your senses under control by some spiritual practice.

One reaches perfection by honestly doing whatever duty is yours in life. This is a worship of God. (Gita 18.46)

 

Lord Krishna abides within all of us and guides us to work out our own Karma. (Gita 18.61) Put your best effort and gladly accept the results as His will. This is called surrendering to God. (Gita 18.66) Gift of spiritual knowledge is considered the best gift because the lack of spiritual knowledge is the root of all evil in the world. Propagating spiritual-knowledge is the highest devotional service to Lord Krishna. (Gita 18.68-69)

Everlasting peace and prosperity are possible only when you perform your duty well and also have the spiritual knowledge as given in the Holy Gita by Lord Krishna. (Gita 18.78)

 

Chapter 18 summary: Lord Krishna told that there is no real difference between a KarmaYogi and Samny|si. A KarmaYogi gives up the selfish attachment to the fruits of work whereas a Samny|si does not work for personal gain. There are two types of pleasures --- beneficial and harmful. Society has divisions of labor, but anybody can attain salvation while living in society by following the three D’s --- Duty, Discipline and Devotion to God.

 

 

OM TAT SAT